Hypertension refers to a number of diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. What is hypertension and how is it expressed? In medicine, this disease is called arterial hypertension, it is expressed by regular hypertension in humans (from 190 to 40 ml of mercury and more). Disease is a common problem of humanity.
Causes of hypertension
High blood pressure is a multifactorial disease that develops for a long time and does not manifest itself in any way. The causes and favorable conditions in which hypertension occurs are absolutely versatile:
- housing;
- stressful situations;
- professional activity;
- electromagnetic fields and radiation;
- nutritional characteristics;
- developmental pathology;
- diabetes;
- elevated cholesterol.
Also, the cause of hypertension is a genetic predisposition. The causes of hypertension in women are due to difficult childbirth or postpartum stress.
Pathology symptoms
Most often, the first signs of hypertension do not arouse suspicion, as they are the consequences of normal fatigue and overwork. But if you feel a regular manifestation of symptoms and when you measure the pressure it is constantly elevated, you should definitely consult a doctor. Signs of hypertension in the initial stage:
- headache (develops in the occipital region and surrounds the head), which can occur at any time of the day, aggravated by bending or sudden movements;
- pain in the heart area, with experiences and stress;
- ringing in the ears;
- dizziness, blurred vision.
- feeling anxious;
- throbbing sensation in the head;
- overwork.
With the progression of the disease, the symptoms of hypertension worsen, the hypertensive patient experiences excessive sweating, swelling of the face, swelling of the hands and impaired memory.
A hypertensive crisis is an exacerbation that occurs in a patient with hypertension. An exacerbation is characterized by a sharp increase in blood pressure. This condition can be caused by stress, exercise, or drug withdrawal.
Hypertensive patients during exacerbation have the following condition:
- feeling nauseous (vomiting may begin);
- sharp darkening in the eyes;
- dyspnea;
- feeling of severe pain in the head and chest;
- redness of the face.
Diagnostics
| Basic diagnostic methods | Description |
|---|---|
| Pressure measurement | A portable medical device is attached to the patient's belt and a cuff is placed on the shoulder. After a few intervals of time, the cuff is inflated and the handheld device will fix the pressure. During the day, blood pressure is recorded every 10-15 minutes and at night every 30 minutes. |
| Blood and urine tests | The analysis is able to determine the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, calcium, creatine glucose, shows the level of cholesterol. |
| Instrumental diagnostics of the heart |
|
| Eye examination | An eye doctor performs an eye examination. In the initial stage of the disease, the retinal veins expand and the arteries narrow. |
| Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands | With an increase in pressure, the nephrons, the filter for the blood, die in the kidneys. This can cause kidney failure. Medical ultrasound of the kidneys reveals: tumors in the adrenal glands, possible pathologies of the kidney tissue. |
Treatment of the pathology
During treatment, patients should lead a calm lifestyle, in which neither stress nor emotional overload is present. Patients need to spend more time outdoors, it is better to take long walks in the forest, in the park, near the reservoir. It is imperative to follow a diet, as proper nutrition is the key to successful treatment of high blood pressure.
Doctor
Treatment of hypertension depends on the stage of the disease. The main goal of treatment is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and prevent the threat of death.
The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. Mono and combination therapy is appropriate at the start of treatment for hypertension. When ineffective, I use low doses of antihypertensive drug combinations.
Drug treatment for hypertension is prescribed by the attending physician after studying the results of the diagnosis. If hypertension occurs, therapy is carried out with such medicines as:
- Alpha and beta blockers are prescribed for patients with cardiovascular problems. To prevent complications of the heart, these are the best means, but not the best.
- Vasodilators reduce pressure, but can be used for a long time, as the drug is addictive (use no more than 2 weeks).
- Diuretics and calcium channel blockers have a long-term effect. These medicines normalize blood pressure gradually.
- Administration of calcium channel blockers together with diuretics. These drugs block the absorption of calcium by the vessels, as a result they expand and the pressure decreases.
Folk remedies
- Beet. Beetroot juice should be consumed 3 times for 24 hours, 0. 5-2 cups (2-3 weeks).
- Black chokeberry. To be treated with this method, you need to drink the juice 3 times a day (2 weeks). Then the reception is stopped for a week, after which the treatment continues.
- Garlic. 3 heads of garlic and 3 lemons must be chopped in a meat grinder. Gruel is poured 1, 25 liters. boiling water, infused for a day, mixed. Take 50 ml 30 minutes before meals and before bedtime (3 weeks).
- Cranberry and honey. You need to mix half a glass of cranberry juice and half a glass of honey. Reception is carried out 3 times a day, 1 tsp for 2 weeks.
- Medicinal herbs are used as a non-drug treatment of hypertension: chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort, calendula clover. The decoctions of these plants can be used to treat and prevent the causes of hypertension, as they have a calming and anti-stress effect.
Diet for hypertension
Treatment of hypertension includes diet as an important factor in recovery. Diet plays an important role in hypertension. Therefore, there are recommendations regarding the diet. Limit salty, fried, and fatty foods. From the diet it is necessary to eliminate butter, beef, mayonnaise, sour cream. Instead of animal fats, you have to choose vegetable fats. Simpler foods are recommended: cereals, vegetables and fruits, foods that contain potassium (cottage cheese, potatoes, citrus fruits, nuts, oatmeal). Following a diet and choosing the right foods will help lower cholesterol, which in turn will lower blood pressure, as well as reduce the harmful effects of sodium on health.
The main rule if arterial hypertension appears and is discovered is simple: it is necessary to consult a doctor, since a hypertensive person should be treated under his control.
What is dangerous?
Causes a central nervous system disorder:
- headache;
- decrease in working capacity;
- stroke.
Causes disorders in the internal organs:
- Acute renal failure. There is an uneven distribution of blood throughout the body.
- Cardiac ischemia. With a significant load, the heart begins to increase like a muscle, and the vessels do not develop, the oxygen supply is interrupted, while the workforce does not change, overload occurs.
- Visual impairment (dilation of large vessels and narrowing of small ones).
- Violation of sexual function (in men it occurs due to the intermittent supply of blood to the penis, which can cause blockage of the arteries that supply it).
Hypertension involves a number of further deviations. Development and progressive hypertension have serious consequences that make treatment of the disease more difficult. The risk of stroke and heart attack increases significantly with high blood pressure. The more the hypertension progresses, the more severe the deviation becomes.