Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition in which the blood pressure level has increased permanently, which is fixed by repeated measurements. The increase in pressure is an accompanying factor in many diseases and can cause the development of complications from the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant control and pharmacological treatment. In the "Medcerservice" modern clinic you can undergo a complete examination, if necessary, the doctor will select effective therapy.

Variety of arterial hypertension

The most common mixed form of hypertension, in which both systolic and diastolic pressure increases. Less commonly, only a type of blood pressure is growing, which is characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the occurrence, 2 types of arterial hypertension are distinct:

1. Primary or essential. It is impossible to establish the exact cause of the disease, since there are no pathologies that could cause an increase in pressure. Very often, essential hypertension appears due to stress, a sedentary lifestyle, following a genetic predisposition.
2. Secondary. A consequence of other diseases, it is possible to carefully determine the cause of greater pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney diseases.

Depending on the systolic and diastolic pressure level, 3 degrees of hypertension are distinguished:

• 1 degree. It proceeds in a soft shape, there is an increase in systolic blood pressure at 140 mm hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm hg. Art.
• 2 degrees. Moderate pressure increases to 180/110 mm rt. Art. Organic lesions of the organs of the cardiovascular system can be observed.
• 3 degrees. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure at the sign of 200/115 mm hg. Art. This condition can cause serious complications, since the flow of blood to the internal organs is disturbed.

Important! If the 1st degree hypertension is not treated, then there is a high probability that the disease progresses. Very high pressure indicators can cause a hypertensive crisis, which is full of stroke.

Complications

With a long or serious cycle of hypertension, complications may occur. Among the most dangerous, they highlight:

1. The injury of the brain that develops in a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable and the rehabilitation period takes a long time.
2. Cardiac diseases and circulatory system: myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
3. Renal diseases. Against the background of arterial hypertension, renal failure can develop, an imbalance can occur in the volume of salt and fluid in the body.

Frequent complications are hypertensive crises. The short -term periodic pressure systems are accompanied by serious headaches, vomiting and rapid heartbeat.

Diagnosis and examination with increasing blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, therefore it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First of all, it is necessary to measure the pressure and examine the so -called target bodies.

The steps necessary to make the diagnosis of "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:

1. The pressure measurement is independent periodical at home, in the doctor's office.
2. Passing the analysis of blood and urine.
3. The evaluation of the work of the cardiac muscle - is performed using a fronadoscope or more detailed - through an ECG or ultrasound of the heart.
4. Dopplerography: allows you to evaluate the state of the blood that passes through the heart vessels.
5. Arteriography - allows you to see the condition of the arterial walls.
6. Inspection of the Eye Fund - necessary in the initial phase of hypertension. With an increase in the pressure of the retinal vein, the eyes expand and the arteries are restricted.
7. Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands: the study allows you to evaluate the work of the kidneys, to identify the damage to the renal fabric.

Important! In the first signs of hypertension, you absolutely must consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis and complete examination will allow you to choose effective treatment and avoid complications.

Hypertension prevention

For the prevention of hypertension, it is necessary to adhere to a series of simple advice:

1. Driving blood pressure regularly, lead a diary with its indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm hg. Art. Sistolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens regularly, can become an alarming bell.
2. Follow the way in which motor activity, nutrition, excludes bad habits.
3. Study regularly to the doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules will help to minimize risks.

Rules for measuring blood pressure for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension

To obtain an objective picture when measuring the pressure, it is important:

1. At least half an hour before the procedure, abandon smoking, the consumption of tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals and physical effort.
2. When measuring the pressure, take a comfortable position and not cross the legs.
3. The pressure gauge should be at the level of the heart.
4. To minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
5. The difference between the indicators on the left and right hand can be 10 mm hg. Art. Or even 20 mm hg. Art.

To obtain an objective framework, regularly measure the pressure at home and add data to the diary.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases between people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for health and periodically examine the doctor.

The causes of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can increase in an absolutely healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a calm state, at least with three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure at 140/90 mm hg. Art. Or more, there is a probability of a diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to compromised mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons to cause the increase in blood pressure:

1. Congenital or acquired renal arterial hypertension. In the event of violation of the kidney blood flow, the kidneys are released in the body a greater amount of substance called renina. As a result, a spasm of small vessels occurs, the vascular walls gradually thicken, an excess of fluid is delayed in the blood flow. The processes described increase the load on the heart, cause an increase in blood pressure.
2. Nervous overstrain. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of hypertension.
3. Hormonal malfunctions and metabolic disorder. Lead to circulatory disorders in the fabrics.

There is often an increase in blood pressure with age. For people 20-40 years, the normal pressure is 120/70–130/80 mm hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm hg. Art. , Over 60 years - 140/90–150/90 mm hg. Art.

A fairly common cause of pathology is the inheritance. In addition, the factors that cause high pressure include:

• Smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• overweight;
• Improper nutrition.

If a person has a story of at least one of the aforementioned risk factors, it is recommended to regularly undergo a physical examination and take all the necessary tests. It is important to consider that hypertension in the initial phase can develop without pronounced symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is an insidious disease. In the initial phase, the pathology may not show itself, but the asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly measure blood pressure and undergo a medical examination. This is particularly important for patients of a risk group.

The first symptoms of hypertension:

• frequent headache;
• nasal bleeding;
• violation of the heart rhythm;
• vision of vision;
• tinnitus.

With more serious hypertension, the above symptoms can join:

• weakness;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• muscle tremor;
• confusion;
• Chest pain.

People often erase the aspect of the symptoms of hypertension to general fatigue. But when the first alarming bells appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor immediately. With greater pressure, the heart and kidneys work with the maximum load, which can lead to hypertonic crises, heart failure and kidney failure.

Hypertension treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease, in the treatment of which a complete approach is required:

• Change in lifestyle: it is recommended to increase motor activity, monitor the diet;
• The use of drug therapy will help reduce blood pressure and avoid complications.

Be careful! Only a doctor can prescribe a pharmacological treatment and select the dosage of drugs. You cannot cars -memet to not aggravate the situation even more.

This entry is published exclusively for the purposes of familiarization for cognitive purposes and is not a scientific material or a professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, consult a doctor.